Photorefractive material is the one that changes its refractive index under illumination. However, the scientific community has come to define the photorefractive process very specifically as the reversible and dynamic change of the index due to an electronic process. So, photorefractive materials should not be confused with photochromic even though the observable macroscopic effect is similar. The photorefractive effect is a multiple-step process that starts with the absorption of photons and the generation of electric charges inside the material. This aspect is similar to the photovoltaic process. Both electron and hole charges are created because there is conservation of the material electrical neutrality.
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